广州小升初英语考试语法要点：动名词与不定式

　　动名词与不定式

　　1) 动名词与不定式的区别：

　　动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

　　不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

　　2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

　　3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

　　stop to do stop doing

　　forget to do forget doing

　　remember to do remember doing

　　cease to do cease doing

　　try to do try doing

　　go on to do go on doing

　　afraid to do afraid doing

　　interested to do interested doing

　　mean to do mean doing

　　regret to do regret doing

　　begin/start to do begin/start doing

　　特殊词精讲

　　stop doing/to do

　　stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

　　stop doing　停止做某事。

　　They stop to smoke a cigarette.　他们停下来，抽了根烟。

　　I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。

　　典型例题

　　She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___　on a big rock by the side of the path.

　　A. to have rested　B. resting　 C. to rest　D. rest

　　答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth。不正确。

　　stop doing/to do

　　forget doing/to do

　　forget to do　忘记要去做某事。　(未做)

　　forget doing　忘记做过某事。　　(已做)

　　The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

　　He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)

　　Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)

　　典型例题

　　---- The light in the office is still on。

　　---- Oh, I forgot___.

　　A. turning it off　 B. turn it off　 C. to turn it off　 D. having turned it off

　　答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth。

　　而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

　　try doing/to do

　　try to do　　努力，企图做某事。

　　try doing　 试验，试着做某事。

　　You must try to be more careful.　你可要多加小心。

　　I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

　　go on doing/to do

　　go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。

　　go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。

　　After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

　　Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

　　be afraid doing/to do

　　be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕";

　　be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。

　　She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

　　She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

　　She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

　　be interested doing/to do

　　interested to do　　 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。

　　interested in doing　 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

　　I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

　　I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?　 (一种想法)

　　mean to doing/to do

　　mean to do　 打算、想

　　mean doing　意味着

　　I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

　　To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

　　begin(start) doing/to do

　　begin / start to do sth

　　begin / start doing sth。

　　1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。

　　How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?

　　2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do

　　I was beginning to get angry.　我开始生起气来。

　　3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。

　　I begin to understand the truth.　我开始明白真相。

　　4) 物作主语时

　　It began to melt。

　　感官动词 + doing/to do

　　感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do　表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

　　I saw him work in the garden yesterday.　昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

　　I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

　　典型例题

　　1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

　　A. grow　 B. grew　 C. was growing　 D. to grow

　　答案：A. 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth。的句型。

　　2) The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

　　A. playing　 B. to be playing　　C. play　　D. to play

　　答案：A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。